Pistool: verschil tussen versies

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                                Graag geen wijzigingen maken tot 10 Januari 2009.
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== inleiding ==
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Wij hebben dit onderwerp gekozen omdat we meer over pistolen te weten wilden komen.
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bijvoorbeeld waar pistolen vandaan komen of hoe ze werken.
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== Geschiedenis pistolen ==
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We weten niet precies waar vuurwapens vandaan komen.
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Maar in China waren er (rond het jaar 1000) vuurwerk-raketten.
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Die werden gevuld met buskruit voor de oorlog.
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Nadat er buskruit was uitgevonden werden de eerste vuurwapens gemaakt.
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Of het buskruit via de handel naar Europa is gekomen of hier is ontdekt weet niemand meer.
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Er werd wel verteld dat er een Duitse monnik was die met chemische stoffen experimenteerde en het buskruit toen per ongeluk heeft ontdekt.
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Ongeveer in het midden van de 14e eeuw komen de eerste vuurwapens in Europa.
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[[Afbeelding:vuursteenslot_pistool.jpg]]
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Dit pistool werkt met een vuursteen.
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Vuurwapens hebben door de eeuwen heen een magische aantrekkingskracht gehad op de mensen met name de handpistolen en revolvers. Allereerst wordt de ontwikkeling van het vuurwapen behandeld en aan wapentechniek wordt veel aandacht besteed.
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De eerste handvuurwapens die in de oorlog werden gebruikt waren handkannonen, deze noemde men ook wel donderbus.
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[[Afbeelding:handkanon.jpg]]
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Dit is een handkanon (donderbus)
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De donderbus was eigenlijk een klein kanon met een korte loop die aan een stok vastzat.
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Later zijn de vuurwapens steeds verder ontwikkeld tot geweren met lange loop en pistolen met korte loop.
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Aan het begin van de 16e eeuw in de stad Pistoia (Italië) is het pistool ontstaan.
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Het is uitgevonden in 1517, het werd een nieuw model met een vuursteentje in plaats van een lont zoals eerder gebruikt werd.
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De naam betekent waarschijnlijk handlanger of huursoldaat, van het Tsjechische pist'ala.
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Een pistool is een handvuurwapen, vaak gebruikt voor persoonlijke verdediging.
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Pistolen worden vooral voor korte afstanden gebruikt, door de korte loop is het lastig nauwkeurig te schieten.
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Het is licht en klein en kan makkelijk met één hand vastgehouden worden.
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Iemand die het goed kan kan gemiddeld op 50 meter afstand nog goed raak schieten.
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Ongeoefende mensen hebben er al moeite mee om op 7 meter afstand het doel te raken.
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Het pistool is anders dan de revolver.
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In de revolver zit een draaiende trommel waar de kogels inzitten, bij een pistool zitten ze in een houder die in de kolf wordt gestopt.
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[[Afbeelding:revolver.jpg]][[Afbeelding:pistool.gif]]
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Links afbeelding revolver, rechts afbeelding pistool.
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Vroeger kon er maar één kogel per keer afgeschoten worden nu kunnen er meerdere kogels in een houder.
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[[Afbeelding:enkelschot.jpg]]Enkelschotspistool.
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== veiligheid ==
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Veiligheid in het gebruik van vuurwapens is heel belangrijk want er kunnen verschrikkelijke dingen gebeuren als je niet weet hoe je er mee om moet gaan. Verder worden er mechanische veiligheidssystemen in pistolen en revolvers gedaan zoals vergrendelingssystemen. Ook de munitie voor vuurwapens wordt veel besproken.
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Het pistool is ver ontwikkeld. Zo zijn er, in tegenstelling tot moderne revolvers, veel veiligheidssystemen ontwikkeld om te zorgen dat het schot niet per ongeluk afgaat. Het pistool kan natuurlijk ook maar half laden , maar dan duurt het langer om schietklaar te zijn.  Er zijn  vele veiligheidssystemen, en de werking kan van pistool tot pistool verschillen.
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Veel veiligheidssystemen bestaan uit een hendeltje op de zijkant van het pistool, dat met de duim bediend wordt. Door het hendeltje op "veilig" te zetten, wordt meestal de trekker of de slagpin mechanisch geblokkeerd. Dit houdt in dat de trekker niet ingedrukt kan worden, of dat de slagpin niet naar voren kan gaan; op deze manier kan de slagpin dus het de patroon niet bereiken, en het pistool kan dus niet afvuren.
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Ondanks deze veiligheidssystemen gebeuren er veel ongelukken met pistolen. Vaak zijn deze het gevolg van slechte trainingen of gewoonten,  Een voorbeeld hiervan is om bij het vastpakken van een vuurwapen onmiddellijk de wijsvinger op de trekker te leggen er hoeft dan maar het minste te gebeuren of het wapen gaat af.
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Helaas is het in bezit krijgen van een wapen niet zo moeilijk, kijk maar eens op marktplaats.
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Ook in Nederland zijn er nog veel mensen in het bezit van een wapen.
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De schatting ligt tussen de 68.000 en de 75.000 illegale wapens.
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In Amerika is het wapenbezit nog veel hoger, één op de twee inwoners heeft een wapen in bezit (meer dan 300 miljoen inwoners).
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Als reden geven zij aan dat het hen een veilig gevoel geeft.
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Gelukkig is er in Nederland een wapenwet waarin staat hoe en wie er een wapen mag hebben.
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Alle bezit van vuurwapens is verboden, met uitzondering van een aantal antieke wapens.
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Speciale groepen kunnen een vergunning krijgen, zoals sportschutters, verzamelaars of jagers.
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In de uitgave Wet wapens en munitie staan de regels voor het hebben van een wapen (zie ook site Ministerie van justitie).
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Verder verboden zijn: diverse messen (stiletto's), nepwapens, pepperspray,traangas en stroomstootwapens.
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[[Afbeelding:stroomstootwapen.jpg]]Stroomstootwapen.
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[[Afbeelding:stiletto.jpg]]Stiletto
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Wil je toch een wapen dragen dan kun je dit aanvragen bij de korpschef van de politieregio.
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== werking pistool ==
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Een modern pistool bevat een loop.
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Een ruimte waarin zich het patroon bevindt dat kan worden afgevuurd.
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Een handvat met daarin een patroonhouder die plaats biedt aan meerdere patronen.
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En een afvuur- en doorlaadmechanisme.
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Een uitzondering hiervan vormen een aantal wedstrijd pistolen waarbij de patroonhouder niet in het handvat, maar voor de trekker groep zit.
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[[Afbeelding:uitleg.jpg]]
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1. patroonhouderhuis
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2. aanbrenger (brengt patroon omhoog)
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3. patroonhouderveer
 
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4. sluitplaat (bodem)
 
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5. magazijnhouder
 
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[[Afbeelding:kogel.jpg]]
 
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1. slaghoedje
 
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2. kruid
 
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3. huls
 
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4. prop
 
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Het patroon (de kogel) wordt ontstoken doordat de slagpin van het wapen tegen het slaghoedje van het patroon slaat.
 
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In het slaghoedje zit een mengsel dat het kruid aansteekt, hierdoor ontstaan verbrandingsgassen.
 
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De druk door de gassen wordt zo hoog dat die de kogel uit de loop duwt.
 
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== snelheid en precisie ==
 
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Vanaf het moment dat de schutter wil vuren, duurt het ongeveer 0,2 sec, voordat het pistool het bevel heeft opgevolgd. De slagpin slaat .
 
−
0,005 sec later tegen het slaghoedje van het patroon.
 
−
Daarna ontbrandt het kruit in de patroonhuls in 0,0004 sec.
 
−
In totaal dus 0,2054 sec.
 
−
Door de ontstekingsvlam van de kogel wordt het kruit aangetstoken en begint zich gasdruk te ontwikkelen.
 
−
Deze reactie blijft doorgaan, zelfs nadat de kogel de loop al heeft verlaten.
 
−
Na 0,004 sec komt de kogel los uit de huls en begint hij zijn weg door de loop.
 
−
De kogel verlaat de loop met een bescheiden snelheid van 300 kmpu(kmpu=kilometer per uur),daardoor word hij door loop  geperst in een tijd van 0,0012 sec.
 
−
Als hij op gang is gaat zo'n 1000 kmpu .
 
−
Als het doel zich op bijvoorbeeld 25 meter afstand bevindt, wordt het in 0,1125 sec door de kogel bereikt.
 
−
 
 
−
== munitie ==
 
−
 
 
−
Patronen voor pistolen en revolvers zijn er in vele maten.Het ligt aan de vorm van de kogelkop of je het kunt gebruiken voor de jacht, voor de sport of om je zelf te verdedigen. Ook is er verschil in gewicht. Bijna alle patronen zijn opgebouwd uit vier delen. 1 de huls 2 het slaghoedje 3 het kruit 4 de kogelkop of punt (zie plaatje kogel bij werking pistool).
 
−
De patronen hebben een diameter die meestal tussen de 5,6 en 12,7 mm ligt.
 
−
Het kaliber (grootte) 9 mm is bij de Nederlandse politie en het leger het meest gangbaar.
 
−
 
 
−
[[Afbeelding:munitie.jpg]]
 
−
 
 
−
Dit is wat munitie van een pistool.
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
Hier werden kogels mee gemaakt.
 
−
 
 
−
[[Afbeelding:maken.jpg]]
 
−
 
 
−
== speelgoed pistolen ==
 
−
 
 
−
Speelgoed pistolen zijn er in alle soorten
 
−
Erg nep    of net echt.
 
−
 
 
−
Links is een wii pistool rechts is een waterpistool.
 
−
 
 
−
[[Afbeelding:wii.jpg]].                        [[Afbeelding:waterpistool.jpg]]
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
Alarm pistolen lijken zo echt dat ze niet gebruikt mogen worden.
 
−
Als je het toch doet en de politie snapt je staat er een hele hoge boete op.
 
−
Dit is er een:
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
[[Afbeelding:alarm.jpg]]
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
Dit zijn nog een paar nep pistolen
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
[[Afbeelding:balletjes.jpg]]                           [[Afbeelding:klappertje.jpg]]
 
−
 
 
−
Links is een balletjes pistool en rechts een klappertjes pistool.
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
[[Afbeelding:haardroger.jpg]]
 
−
 
 
−
Een haardroger
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
== Beroemde vuurwapendragers ==
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
[[Afbeelding:bond.jpg]]Geheim agent 007 James Bond
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
[[Afbeelding:paul.jpg]]Pistolen Paultje
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
[[Afbeelding:luke.jpg]]Lucky Luke
 
−
 
 
−
==conclusie  ==
 
−
 
 
−
Het was best moeilijk om informatie over alleen pistolen te vinden, meestal gaan de onderwerpen over wapens in het algemeen.
 
−
Het was ook moeilijk om te plannen wanneer we samen aan ons werkstuk gingen werken.
 
−
Uiteindelijk is het ons dan toch gelukt en hebben wij veel over het onderwerp pistolen geleerd.
 
−
Belangrijkste is toch wel dat het zeer gevaarlijk blijft om een vuurwapen in bezit te hebben.
 
−
Het beste zou zijn alle vuurwapens te verbieden. Wij denken dat dit niet zal gebeuren omdat vuurwapens een belangrijk middel blijven om oorlog mee te voeren of om mensen mee te intimideren. Helaas zijn er nog steeds mensen die aan de macht willen komen door vuurwapens te gebruiken en aan de andere kant mensen die uit angst vuurwapens blijven gebruiken.
 
−
 
 
−
== bronnen ==
 
−
 
 
−
Site's:
 
−
 
 
−
-wikipedia.nl
 
−
 
 
−
-scholieren.com
 
−
 
 
−
-google.nl
 
−
 
 
−
-justitie.nl
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
Boeken:
 
−
 
 
−
-Wapens: 5000 jaar geschiedenis                        van: Richard Holmes
 
−
 
 
−
-Oude wapens en oorlogsvoering door de eeuwen heen    van: Wil Fowler
 

Versie van 9 jan 2009 19:00

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